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Landour Heritage
Update: The first solid building to go up in all of Mussoorie-Landour was constructed in Landour back in 1825 by Captain Fredrick Young, who is known as the guy who "discovered" Mussoorie. He was also in charge of the first Gurkha battalion that the British formed after winning the Gurkha War. Young's place, called “Mullingar” (a nod to his Irish heritage), served as the family’s summer getaway away from the heat in the plains.
Landour was originally established by the British Indian Army for their use. Starting in 1827, when a sanatorium was set up, the town became a recovery spot for military personnel, which is why a lot of it has a Cantonment vibe. The original sanatorium is now home to the Institute of Technology Management (ITM) run by DRDO, located at the eastern end of the Landour ridge. In the early 1900s, a full British Military Hospital opened, staffed by experts in tropical diseases, but it shut down not long after 1947. Also on the ITM grounds is the old Soldiers’ Furlough Home, a vacation spot for British and Irish soldiers and JCOs in Indian regiments who couldn’t easily make it back to Europe. Some soldiers would be there on rotation, serving in British regiments in India for stretches of 6 to 48 months.
Landour had a much more European vibe compared to Mussoorie. The events of 1857 caused a boost in the European population of Mussoorie-Landour, as many families moved away from the vulnerable towns of the Gangetic Plain. Among those who relocated to Landour were the parents of Jim Corbett, who got married at St Paul’s Church there. Besides the obvious British influence, Landour also has a rich American presence dating back to the 1830s, when changes in policy led by the supremacist Lord Macaulay spurred the rapid expansion of American missions, especially from the Presbyterian and Baptist churches. Many generations of American missionary kids were either educated at Woodstock School or born in Landour, and these days, their descendants are coming back to check it out. Nowadays, lots of young Americans on gap years or exchange programs spend time learning Hindi at the Landour Language School, which was started in the late 19th century to teach new missionaries.
Indeed, the events of the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857 led to a significant influx of Europeans, particularly British families, moving to the Mussoorie-Landour Cantonment area from the vulnerable settlements of the Gangetic basin. Among these families were Jim Corbett's parents, who remarried in Landour after both their spouses had passed away. Corbett’s mother moved from Meerut, where her first husband died during the battle of 1857.
In Mussoorie-Landour, many Europeans were laid to rest, with separate burial grounds designated for Catholic and Protestant communities. These burial sites are located in the nearby areas of the cantonment, but due to limited space in the Protestant cemetery, the Catholic burial ground has recently transitioned to a non-sectarian use, managed by the same board.
In 1901, the population of the area was recorded at 1,720, which swelled to 3,700 during the summer months. This seasonal increase was largely due to the unbearable heat experienced on the plateaus of India.
Update: Landour, also spelled Landaur, is a quaint cantonment town adjacent to Mussoorie, located approximately 35 km (22 mi) from Dehradun in Uttarakhand, India. Together, Mussoorie and Landour form a famous British Raj-era hill station, often referred to as the “Queen of the Hills.” The name "Landour" is derived from Landdowror, a village in Carmarthenshire, Wales.
Landour was part of the former United Provinces and is located in the Dehradun district. The United Provinces were formed from the earlier Northwest Province of the vast Bengal Presidency, which stretched from the Khyber Pass to Burma. Consequently, historical records indicate that Landour was classified as a part of Bengal, a designation that was technically accurate but lacked complete context.
During the British Raj, it was typical to bestow nostalgic names of English, Scottish, Welsh, or Irish origin upon homes or newly established towns, reflecting the settlers' heritage. Additionally, literary influences were prominent, with names drawn from the works of renowned authors like Robert Burns, Walter Scott, Thomas Hardy, and Robert Louis Stevenson, among others.
Update: Landour is home to charming old houses and estates, often named after the native places of their builders and residents. Notably, Captain Young's Mullingar Mansion stands as Mussoorie's oldest existing building. During the British Raj, many settlers chose nostalgic names reflecting their English, Scottish, Welsh, or Irish heritage, even extending this practice to towns they established. Names inspired by literary figures, like Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott, Thomas Hardy, and Robert Louis Stevenson, were also common.
English settlers often named their homes after castles, with examples like Connaught Castle, Grey Castle, and Hampton Court. For a time, The Castle Hill served as a residence for the young Sikh prince, Dalip Singh, before his permanent relocation to England. The Irish also made their mark, naming their homes after familiar places, with residences like Tipperary, Killarnock, Shamrock Cottage, and Tara Hall. The line "The harp that once in Tara's Halls" resonates here, as there’s a Tara Hall in Simla, the old summer capital of India. These historical names reflect a tapestry of cultural influences that enrich Landour’s character.
The Scots played a significant role as pioneers in Mussoorie, skillfully relating the Himalayan landscape to their own homeland. They identified local hills and meadows with terms like glens (valleys), braes (slopes), and burns (streams), naming their houses Scottsburn, Wolfsburn, and Redburn. Interestingly, over a dozen house names in the area begin with 'Glen,' although there are no mountain streams nearby, aside from the distant Kempty Falls, suggesting that the naming might have been more sentimental than geographical.
Sir Walter Scott emerged as a popular author among the British expatriates, evident in the way his literary works influenced the names of residences in Landour and Mussoorie. Many homes echo themes from his novels and romances, with names like Kenilworth, Ivanhoe, and Woodstock (which later became an American mission school), along with Rokeby, Waverley, and The Monastery. Abbotsford, named in tribute to Scott's own estate in England, further highlights his impact on the cultural landscape of the area.
This blend of Scottish influence and literary homage creates a rich tapestry of history and nostalgia, making Landour and Mussoorie uniquely charming. Today, many of the charming old houses and estates in Mussoorie and Landour are owned by astute Indians, who often embrace lifestyles reminiscent of their former colonial residents. This respect for history is reflected in the retention of many original names, preserving the nostalgic charm of the area.
Mussoorie and Landour have been home to several renowned authors and personalities. Notable figures include Ruskin Bond, known for his evocative storytelling, and Vishal Bharadwaj, a celebrated filmmaker. Media personality Prannoy Roy, cricket legend Sachin Tendulkar, and writers like Stephen Alter and Ganesh Saili have also made their mark here.
Additional notable residents include Bill Aitken, known for his travel writing, and Gopal Bharadwaj, as well as renowned author Anita Desai. The legacies of the late Mr. Tom Alter and the iconic Shri Dev Anand continue to inspire many. This constellation of literary and cultural figures adds a vibrant dimension to the historical landscape of Mussoorie and Landour, making it a unique blend of history, nostalgia, and contemporary life.
Update: Landour is situated in the Lower Western Himalaya, specifically within the Mussoorie Range, which is the second of the five parallel folds of the Himalayas. The town is approximately 1,500 ft (450 m) above Mussoorie, which averages an altitude of 6,800 to 7,500 ft (2,250 to 2,500 m). Landour primarily extends along an east-west ridge, with a notable southerly spur linking it to Mussoorie.
The altitude difference, combined with Landour's partial orientation towards Tibet, results in temperatures that are typically 2-3 °C lower than in Mussoorie. During the monsoon season, which can extend from May to September, Landour experiences almost daily heavy rainfall. The warmest months are April and May, when temperatures can exceed 30 °C (approximately 85 °F) on particularly hot days.
Winter, from December to February, can be quite cold, especially on the northern-facing slopes that receive less direct sunlight. Snowfall occurs between 3 to 15 times during winter, often substantial. Landour receives roughly double the amount of snow compared to Mussoorie, and this snow tends to melt more slowly, especially on the north-facing slopes.
Update: Mussoorie, often celebrated as the "Queen of the Hills," captivates with its lush greenery and panoramic views. However, Landour stands out as the true "crown jewel," offering a quieter charm and a unique sense of peace. The quaint streets, colonial-style homes, and vibrant flora create an enchanting backdrop for exploration.
Both destinations invite visitors to immerse themselves in nature's beauty and the rich tapestry of history. The blend of captivating memories, stunning vistas, and timeless elegance makes Mussoorie and Landour a must-visit for anyone seeking an unforgettable Himalayan experience.
âž” Exhibition featuring a diverse range of eco-friendly products for personal and household use.
âž” Delight in authentic Pahari cuisine with Garhwali and street food stalls.
âž” Enjoy vibrant cultural dance and music performances from the Garhwal region.
âž” Winterline Walks to explore the heritage and culture of the hillside.
âž” Nature walks and birding talks, plus sessions on outdoor essentials and responsible tourism.
âž” Rare and vintage photo gallery alongside an outdoor art exhibition.
âž” Plenty of activities for everyone, regardless of age!